TABLE OF CONTENTS. Essays - Financial Ratios, Dividends,

TABLE OF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. PROCEDURE. FINDINGS. 1.0 INVESTMENT RATIOS ? MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY. 1.1 Earnings per Share. 1.2 P/E Ratio or Price / Earnings Ratio 1.3 Dividend Yield. 1.4 Dividend Cover. 2.0 PRIMARY OPERATING RATIOS ? MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY. 2.1 Return on Capital Employed 2.2 Debtors Turnover Ratio 2.3 Creditors Turnover Ratio 2.4 Return on Shareholders' Fund 3.0 PRIMARY FINANCIAL RATIOS ? GEARING AND LIQUITY. 3.1 Gearing Ratio 3.2 Liquidity Ratio 3.2.1 Current Ratio 3.2.2 Quick or Acid Ratio 4.0 CASH FLOW CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY ? REFERENCES INTRODUCTION It can be suggested that accounting consists of identifying, measuring and communicating business information to facilitate judgements and decision making for the further future. This specific report is pointed at investigate National Grid Group Plc's report and accounts in order to decide whether someone should invest or not in this company. Someone, who is able to analyse this company, must have its Annual Report for at least two years, which will help the person, because it contains basic components like the Profit and Loss Account, the Balance Sheet, the Cash Flow Statement and the Director's Report. PROCEDURE In order to guide you to understand about this specific company, I have used the Annual Review by following some steps: 1) To summarise the size, the structure and the profit of the company I have first check the balance sheet and the profit and loss accounts. 2) I have read very carefully the chairman's statement and the director's report, which helped me to understand better things about the company. 3) I have also calculated the trends and ratios. The performance data, P&L A/C, Balance Sheet, Ratios and Trends were obtain from the following sources: - Annual Review of National Grid Group of 1997-98. - Articles from Financial Times newspaper. - Books related to the subject. FINDINGS. 1.0 INVESTMENT RATIOS ? MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY. Investment ratios are the ratios used by the investors when deciding whether a share should be bought, sold or held. 1.1 Earnings per Share. Earnings per share (EPS) indicate the amount of profit after tax, interest and preference shares earned for each ordinary share. It is also more reliable for comparing the performance of any company because it can not be affected by the policy of the directors. Profit after tax + interest EPS = No. Of Ordinary shares The earnings per share of National Grid Group, excluding the exceptional profit relating to Energis, were 19.8 pence, compared with 24.3 pence in 1996/97. This reduction resulted from lower transmission profits following the implementation of the new price control. 1.2 Price Earnings Ratio. The Price Earnings Ratio (PE ratio) is a measure of market confidence in the shares of a company. Also the PER play a significant role not only in the company itself, but on the industry in which it operates and, of course, on the level of the stock market, which tends to rise more than reported profits when the business cycle swings up and to fall more than profits in a downturn. Arithmetically, the ratio measures the number of years it would take to repay the share's current value in earnings. It can be define like this: Market price per share Price Earnings Ratio = Earnings per share At 31 March 1998, NGG's share price was 353 pence compared with 209 pence at the start of the year, an increase of 68 per cent. The shares traded during the year within the range 206 pence to 353 pence. The market capitalisation of the Company at year-end was $5.2 billion. (The National Grid Group plc Annual Review 1997-98) 1.3 Dividend Yield. Dividend Yield expenses dividends as a proportion of the market value of total shares. They are also based on gross dividends per share, that is, on the dividends actually paid plus the associated tax credit. It can be defined like this: Dividend per share Dividend Yield = x 100 Market value per share On the 25th of November 1997, NGG announced that it was taking steps to improve the financial efficiency of the Group by returning excess capital to shareholders by way of a special dividend of 44.7 pence net per ordinary share. The special dividend, which represented approximately 15 per cent of the Group's market capitalisation at the close of business on the 24th of November 1997, amounted to ?786.6 million and was paid on the 17th of February of1998. On 5th of February 1998, the shareholders approved a share consolidation to reflect this return of value. As a consequence, 1,718 billion new ordinary shares of

Ali essays

Ali essays I am the greatest!!! Im young; Im handsome; Im fast. I cant possibly be beat. They all must fall in the round I call. I should be a postage stamp. Thats the only way Ill ever get licked. The heavyweight champion of the world should be pretty like me. It aint bragging if you can back it up. Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee. Im so mean, I make medicine sick. I shook up the world. Me! Whee!!!. * These words come from the mouth of Muhammad Ali. If you ever hear a man speak of himself in such a way, it makes you wonder. It makes you wonder if he has the right to speak the way he does. It makes you wonder if people accept him without any hostility. It makes you wonder what is so special about this person. If anybody, Muhammad Ali is the man that has the right to speak the way he does. In the boxing ring, he was feared and respected for his accomplishments. However, Muhammad Ali was known for his ego. It was an ego that people both loved and hated but also an ego which ended his career twice. Even with this ego of his, Ali always had a way of pulling in people with his sarcastic humor and charm. He was simply a man that had to be loved and respected by everybody. Ali loved life and everything about it. He was an example to us all. Muhammad Ali has given the world of sports something to remember for a lifetime. Ali came into the world of boxing with the same attitude and strength he still has today. He surprised everybody; everybody except himself. Ali was a born boxer. Ever since the age of 12 when his bicycle was stolen, he has been boxing kids or adults in one way or another. Never wanting to be abused again, Ali was determined to become the most dangerous man in the world. Knocking out every person he saw in sight was his plan. He used his quickness, his size, and his power to his advantage in every bout. It was through his skill and confidence where hi ...

Abstractionism in The Bloody Chamber and The Erl-King

Abstractionism in The Bloody Chamber and The Erl-King Angela Carter’s work in the short story collection â€Å"The Bloody Chamber,† makes frequent use of concrete objects as expressions of abstract concepts, among them freedom, bondage, and death in multiple forms, not only physical. In the short story â€Å"The Bloody Chamber,† the world the protagonist lives in is archaic. Although timeless in technicality, the reader gets the idea that it is set in the Victorian era or a little after. This idea is reinforced by the dress of the characters, the behavior of the majority of the women, and the use of wagons and horses as transportation, with the â€Å"motorcar† as a luxury item. The reader is shocked by the presence of the telephone, first revealed while the protagonist and her new husband are having sex for the first time, â€Å"A dozen husbands impaled a dozen brides while the mewing gulls swung on invisible trapezes in the empty air outside. I was brought to my senses by the insistent shrilling of the telephone† (TBC 17). Carter’s use of anachronism highlights the significance of the telephone in the story. In this instance, the telephone seems to symbolize safety or freedom. It is with the telephone that she is able to call her moth er. That maternal bond between mother and daughter, via the telephone wire, ends up being stronger than her bond to her husband in marriage. Carter’s use of concrete objects in place of abstract concepts is not limited to anachronisms. â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† and â€Å"O Belo Adormecido† use intertextuality as an effective strategy to subvert conventions. Ana Raquel Fernandes argues that Carter hinges â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† on multiple objects, relevant to the setting, which escalate in meaning throughout the story. Among them are the lilies in the bedchamber and the ruby choker. The liles, she says, are an illusion to death. She also makes note of the association the protagonist makes between the lilies and her husband: â€Å"In this first part of the story, the first person narrator, the young girl who tells her story retrospectively, describes the Marquis focusing on the stillness of his face and comparing him with a lily† (Fernandes 3). The section of text Fernandes refers to is the protagonist’s initial description of her lover. â€Å"He was older than I†¦ And sometimes that face, in stillness when he listened to me playing, with the heavy eyelids folded over eyes that always disturbed me by their absolute absence of light, seemed to me like a mask†¦ Even when he asked me to marry him, and I said: ‘Yes,’ still he did not lose that heavy, fleshy composure of his. I know it must seem a curious analogy, a man with a flower, but sometimes he seemed to me like a lily† (TBC 8-9). The Marquis himself, then, by this comparison to a lily, becomes an object in the story representing death. Fernandes goes on to explain the recurrence of the lilies throughout the story as foreshadowing impending death on multiple levels: â€Å"The lilies appear again in the description of the matrimonial chamber †¦although the lilies are white, they stain the narrator, their perfume confuses her senses and later in the short story, the stems become: ‘dismembered arms, drifting drowned in greenish water’ (TBC 22), an explicit reference to death. Indeed, from its first description, the bedroom is a death chamber† (Fernandes 4). The choker carries potent symbolism of both death and the bondage of marriage. As a symbol of death, it references both the impending physical beheading of the protagonist and the death of self when the protagonist enters into marriage. Bondage, then, is death. This symbolism is alluded to when the choker is described: â€Å"A choker of rubies, two inches wide, like an extraordinarily precious slit throat† ( TBC 11). The symbolism of death is further exemplified in the detailing of the tradition the choker comes from: â€Å"After the Terror, in the early days of the Directory, the aristos who’d escaped the guillotine had an ironic fad of tying a red ribbon round their necks at just the point where the blade would have sliced it through†¦That night at the opera comes back to me even now†¦ the white dress; the frail child within it; and the flashing crimson jewels round her throat, bright as arterial blood† ( TBC 11). In â€Å"The Erl-King,† Carter uses the bird’s cages to overtly symbolize bondage and the broken fiddle to symbolize the absence of freedom. While the Erl-King has possession of the maidens, transformed by magic into birds, his music is their cries of sorrow. When the protagonist kills the Erl-King at the end and frees the birds, she strings the fiddle with the Erl-King’s hair, thereby restoring freedom as a concept and the fiddle’s song replaces the song of the birds. The fiddle’s less than joyous music brings our awareness to an uncustomary message. â€Å"Then it (the fiddle) will play discordant music without a hand touching it. The bow will dance over the new strings of its own accord and they will cry out ‘Mother, mother, you have murdered me!’† This notes the responsibility and sacrifice that comes with freedom of any kind. The symbols of freedom in â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† are less overt and exist more in terms of negative argument than on its own. In other words, freedom is exhibited through the death of death (the Marquis) instead of being given its own object to live through. This is fitting since â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† seems to speak more about marriage as death and submission as bondage. The Erl-King, on the other hand, seems to speak more about feminism, and the dilemmas of sexuality and equality. Carter’s use of concrete objects as abstractions is central to postmodernism. In the past, many works have used items to symbolize abstractions but in Carter’s work, the items are not props but actual characters in the work. The telephone, for example, is central in the plot of â€Å"The Bloody Chamber.† The choker becomes more of a character than some of the real people, for example, the piano teacher. The fiddle in â€Å"The Erl-King† even has lines of dialogue at the end of the piece, which puts it on full level with living characters. In this way, Carter makes abstractions like bondage, death, and freedom more than simple morals or behind-the-scenes concepts in her work. They take on lives of their own through the objects they inhabit and become central characters, speaking louder than the human characters with which they coexist. Works Cited Carter, Angela (1995), The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories. London: Vintage [1979]. Fernandes, Ana Raquel (2010), â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† and â€Å"O Belo Adormecido†: intertextuality as an effective strategy to subvert conventions. Lisbon. The Sixth Congress of the National Portuguese Association of Comparative Literature.

Positioning and Differentiation Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Positioning and Differentiation - Research Paper Example They also need to differentiate themselves from the competitors in order to be attractive to the customers. Failure to position and differentiate from competitors will make it highly difficult for business to survive and sustain growth in today’s highly competitive business world. This paper analyses and compares the positioning and differentiation strategy adopted by two health insurance companies in the US. The two companies chosen are: UnitedHealth Group and WellPoint, Inc. Positioning Positioning is a marketing process used to position a product or a service in the mind of the customer in the best way that the company believes that the product or service must be perceived by the customer. There is very little change that is made to the product unlike the name product positioning suggests. Positioning is all about changing how the product is perceived by the customer (Ries & Trout, 2001). Therefore, positioning is the essence of a marketing mix. It throws light on how the c ompany defines its market segments, its competition and target markets (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2007). It does not induce any new features into a product or service but uses the existing features in order to project the product or service in an effective way to the target market. ... By highlighting the differences between its competitors, businesses try to make its products and services more attractive to the target customer group (Hoskisson et al., 2008). Differentiation is vital for any product or service as it will create a niche for the product or service within a well defined closed target market group. Therefore, a well differentiated product or service will have a competitive advantage over its competitors. Successful differentiation will also give a business the freedom in pricing the products and services as the differentiating features will make for the extra cost from a customer’s perspective (Hoskisson et al., 2009). UnitedHealth Group With headquarters in Minnetonka, Minnesota UnitedHealth Group is one of the leading health care companies in the world. Across the globe, the company serves more than 75 million people. It offers a range of products and services to its customers. UnitedHealth Group was created in 1977 but its origin can be dated back to 1974 when a group of physicians and healthcare professionals founded the Charter Med Incorporated. The company was incorporated with the main purpose of increasing or expanding consumer’s health coverage options (UnitedHealth Group, 2012). Today the company has grown on to become the biggest health carrier in the United States. Positioning UnitedHealth Group which primarily started as an insurance company has diversified its products and services to cater to the needs of the entire health care industry. The company positions itself as leading health care companies which not only address the needs of consumers with heal benefit products and services but also the service sector of the health care industry. It

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Research Paper

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - Research Paper Example The Internet or cyberspace, as it is often called alternatively, is virtually limitless such that there are now over a billion Web pages being published and still counting. It is a miracle the Internet (or WWW, short for World Wide Web) has not crashed although some experts expect a major or large scale collapse from a system-wide malfunction between now and the year 2025 (Boehm, 2006, p. 20) and if ever this happens, then almost everything will grind to a sudden halt, causing widespread chaos and confusion. Various industry sectors such as communications, transportation, financial transactions, banking services, power generation and distribution, health care services and all major industrial production will be adversely affected if there is a major software malfunction on the Internet. It is just one side of the same coin, as the Internet infrastructure is also largely dependent on all its major hardware components, such as hosts, servers and routers. There are many vendors who are offering their products and services in this regard, such that it is necessary to adopt some form of standard to make all the various hardware and software components interconnect with each other seamlessly and virtually assure users and consumers a zero-downtime Internet service. The necessity for a standard system has been met with the adoption of protocols (digital message formats and rules agreed to by everyone) by which all Internet stakeholders operate on a common platform to assure constant and reliable communications. This is the topic of this brief paper, the dynamic host configuration protocol, or known by its initials, DHCP. As the evolution of the Internet is quite fast,... This paper stresses that DHCP becomes even more useful as more networks gradually migrate to the new IPv6. In most cases, new devices are connected to a network as time goes and DHCP allows this in a systematic and orderly manner without necessarily overwhelming the network. Besides the two benefits of automatic configuration and maintenance of a centralized database of addresses, the other advantages of using DHCP include its scalability, whether managing 10 or 1000 clients, the DHCP makes it easier and the other incentive to use it is flexibility in configuration as computers and devices change their respective IP addresses from time to time. This report makes a conclusion that dynamic host configuration protocol has served its purpose of being the mainstay in the normal functioning of the computer networks so essential to modern life today. It has proven its usefulness by being compatible with the new IPv6 that is now gradually being implemented with the assurance that networking will not run out of needed valid IP addresses, providing more than enough addresses that figuratively and literally extends to infinity and beyond. DHCP provided a smooth transition slightly more than a year ago, on June 08, 2011 when the Internet switched and tested the IPv6 without any major glitches and hopefully continue to do so and support the Internet's frenzied expansion well into the future until such time a better protocol can be invented. It has been a proven workhorse for the entire networked world so far.

The House on the Lagoon by Rosario Ferre Essay Example for Free

The House on the Lagoon by Rosario Ferre Essay Rosario Ferre is one of the most noted and famous Puerto Rican writers who have made their mark in the world of literature. Her books illustrate the political and social conditions of her native land. In this paper, we attempt to review and understand her book ‘The House on the Lagoon’ which is extremely famous and provides an interesting insight into the Puerto Rican conditions and the views of the writer as a supporter of feminism.   Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe house on the Lagoon’ was nominated for the National Book Award in 1995. The story revolves around Isabel and Quintin Mendizabal who are a quintessential Puerto Rican couple belonging to the privileged section of this society. The wife, Isabel, has a streak of independence and she feels suffocated in the typically bourgeois environment. She wishes to fulfill her long cherished dream of becoming a famous writer. For the fulfillment of this dream she decides to write a novel based on the life and family history of her husband and herself. However, the husband suddenly discovers the less than flattering description of his family that his wife wishes to make public by getting it published. He is obviously shaken and tries to alter the version that his wife has written in order to make it more appreciative of his family.   The story appears to be simple on the surface. However, while reading it, so many undercurrents appear that it becomes a delightful experience to discover the countless nuances. Many special features and styles of writing adorn the book. The most famous, the most talked about and perhaps the most exciting is the concept of two distinct narrative voices. In the beginning, the book proceeds as a simple family history being retold by a woman. However, a few chapters into the book, suddenly we discover that the narration switches over to the woman’s husband Quintin, who discovers that his wife is writing a novel. Surprises do not cease here. We are treated to another surprise as we discover that the book we are reading i.e. ‘The House on the Lagoon’ is the book that the husband is so incensed on finding. Thereon the narrative continues to switch from Quintin to Isabel and vice versa and this turns out to have far reaching consequences on the novel as a whole.   The double narrative allows for a more democratic unfolding of the story than a single narrative. It allows us to find out Quintin’s reactions to his wife’s narration of his family history. It puts in more animation into a mundane story of family history. Their arguments keep the narration alive and keep the reader guessing at reality and the next sequence of events. Also, there is a marked difference in the ways Quintin and Isabel approach the novel. Quintin, as we are told, has been a student of history in Columbia. To him, misinterpretation of facts and misinterpretation of history is a gross error and in addition, he is extremely embarrassed by the way his family is portrayed in a bad light by his wife. On the other hand, Isabel feels that her main objective is to gain literary fame and she is not concerned with being historically, socially or politically correct. While reading the book, we are thus treated to Isabel’s views and then we read her husband’s comments and views on her writing. This allows for a multiple perspective presentation and the nature of characters becomes more engrossing than the story that they are both trying to tell in their own way.   It has been argued that the dual narrative serves certain higher purposes than simply telling us the dual viewpoints on the story. The dual narrative has been construed as a metaphor for colonization[1]. Rosario’s books usually deal with the conflicts plaguing her native land Puerto Rico, the major one being whether to remain independent or become a part of the US. In the book, through dual narrative, Rosario attempts to bring out this conflict. Isabel, the writer’s alter ego, represents Puerto Rico while her husband represents the dominating influence of the US. Thus multiple perspectives enable the writer to demonstrate Puerto Rico’s quest for identity and her constant struggle against foreign dominance.   Another interesting characteristic of the book is the imagery that is used to illustrate certain finer points[2]. Right from the first scene, where there is a confrontation between the boy serenading Isabel and her fiancà © Quintin, we have a glimpse into the strong characters that we will encounter further on in the book. It also illustrates that Quintin has a violent streak. The relationships between the characters are brought out later in the book. Especially evident is the marital discord between Quintin and Isabel over the issue of her novel which Quintin feels paints his family black. Later in the book, we are provided with another extremely vivid scene which portrays the reason why Isabel is so haunted by her past. Isabel’s mother was forced to have an abortion by her grandmother. This abortion was probably botched and the description of the scene from the child’s point of view sends shivers down the readers’ spine. The gory details such as the pool of blood, the unconscious mother and the dropping of the doll are all images which haunt the reader as much as they must have haunted the young girl. It not only tells us of Isabel’s miserable past but also provides us an understanding of the person she is in the present and why. It also helps us to identify with her dream of making it big as she wishes to escape the drudgery that her female ancestors went through.   Also noteworthy in the novel is the daydreams that Isabel indulges herself with. Her past is so woebegone that she tries to absorb herself in passionate pursuits of her dreams and reveries. These reveries lull us into a false sense of security until the silence before the storm breaks with a shattering incident. This sense of the unexpected renders the narrative far from banal. The most interesting of her happiness and indulgence appears towards the end of the story when she enrolls into a ballet school to fulfill her passion. This dream, like that of becoming a famous writer, reveals Isabel’s desire for fame. She enjoys her dancing lessons immensely and we are again forced to expect some happiness coming her way. However, our hopes are shattered brutally by the public display of pedophilia as the curtain opens at the wrong time during her stage performance. Again, Isabel finds herself abused and unhappy. The ending of the story is thus somewhat tragic and in sync with the mood of the whole story.   In conclusion, it must be said that a subject as ordinary as the relation of family history is made extraordinary by the excellent style of Rosario Ferre and her unique writing style including the double narratives, the imagery and the reveries. Her strong characters help us understand human psyche and also provide insight into the actual political and social problems of Puerto Rico through the characters. In the end, the novel turns out to be more than a story of marital discord or a narration of family history. It helps us to understand history, politics, sociology, psychology and also literature. Few novels are able to achieve such high purpose. WORKS CITED â€Å"The House on the Lagoon†, Luke Lecheler, http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Critique/review_fiction/house_on_the_lagoon_the_by_rosario_ferre.html â€Å"Rosario Ferre † http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/ferre_rosario.html â€Å"Reading Guide: The House On the lagoon†, Penguin Group USA, http://us.penguingroup.com/static/rguides/us/house_on_the_lagoon.html [1] â€Å"Rosario Ferre † http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/ferre_rosario.html [2] â€Å"The House on the Lagoon†, Luke Lecheler,   http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Critique/review_fiction/house_on_the_lagoon_the_by_rosario_ferre.html

Rosenbergs Use of Words to Communicate Themes in his Poem :: The Wasps Nest Poetry Poems Essays

Rosenberg's Use of Words to Communicate Themes in his Poem The Wasp’s Nest Conceptualize a world full of people that isolate and alienate you-a place where you don’t count or make a difference. This is one of the major concerns in the Wasp’s Nest. Rosenberg appeals to our intellect utilizing technical literary ingredients to spice up and flavour the poem. My project is an analysis of his use of words and phrases to communicate themes in his poem and to see how the poem has been made memorable. To me, the poem on its own is a metaphor portraying life and its elements of uncertainty and others. In line 1’’ Two aerial tigers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, the wasps are being referred to as ‘’aerial tigers’’ because they do all their activities in the air (aerial). They are referred to as ‘’tigers’ for two reasons. The main one being that they are ragingly ferocious and much undomesticated. The second one is describes their physical outward appearance as they are yellow with black stripes just like the tiger. The use of language here is very descriptive and this line being a metaphor aids the picture to be conceived on the mental canvas. Line 1 is memorable because it is quite unique the way one can find such descriptive to perfectly describe the scenario. â€Å"Striped in ebony and gold†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. The use of sophisticated and exclusive adjectives which are (‘ebony’ and ‘gold’) to illustrate the wasp’s appearance shows how fascinated and beguiled Rosenberg is by the wasps. This line contributes to the memorability of the poem. This is through the adoption of classy words to leave the words echoing in our minds and it is savoured and relished by the reader. Line 3-5 describes the state in which the wasps are in and how they went about their preparation of their home. Here, we assume that the two wasps are of the opposite sex thus, probably married or are living their lives together. Therefore, another rational assumption is that these two wasps are building a home, an investment that they can share together and reside within. These lines are made memorable because they unfailingly apply and relate to our daily lives. Line 7-9 depicts how worthless and valueless this ‘’huge’’ investment is to Rosenberg or the persona and then again, I find these lines ringing in my head because it is indeed an example of life’s bad sides- when one takes their time to put something together and he worships it with every fibre of his being but before others, it is insignificant. Line 10-14, is about how the persona has endeavored and made an attempt to exonerate and get rid of the wasps.

American Culture vs. Australian Culture

American Culture vs. Australian Culture HMD 259- Assignment 1 Lauren Lightfoot Lauren Lightfoot HMD 259 Assignment 1 When asked to compare American culture to a country of my choice, I selected Australia. I’ve never visited the country but I have friends that live there and they often question American norms as they differ greatly in Australia. Upon typing the phrase into my search engine, some very interesting links popped up, revealing some strange but valid distinctions between these cultures. Australians don’t have a large army. In fact, most Australian officials don’t even consider it a real army.Both countries speak English but English pronunciation is quite different in Australia, as they tend to have a higher pitched voice. Australians are very educated and most complete higher learning education. Minimum wage in Australia is triple what America requires (â€Å"Yahoo! Answers†). These are just a few examples, but there are three others I found most interesting. The first that I found was the lack of racial divide that is demonstrated in Australia. Although there are some objections whether they be to the left or right, Australian culture doesn’t hold much weight to race as America does.According to the site www. sciforums. com, Australians only acknowledge a grey area, which eliminates the separation between races. Australians are also less likely to use ethnic labels like African, Chinese, or Indian. If anything this may create some positive energy in the workplace and HR director could feel confident that the employee isn’t making racially derogatory statements or acting in such a manner. This protects the establishment from having any claims that violate the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the requirements of the EEOC.Politician John Langmore stated, â€Å"Americans maintain their sense of being God's own country with a manifest destiny to lead the world to freedom and democracy. Australia has no global ambitio ns, and those related to the region are for stability and economic advancement rather than dominance† (â€Å"Australia vs. US Culture. â€Å"). This quote embodies the American dream, as it is custom for Americans to advance based on free will and God’s will. Australia does not depend on these factors to gain success and believe that social dominance isn’t a necessity for being.This may create some difficulty for an HR director because the employee may not reach their full potential based on their cultural practices. An Australian employee would most likely be a hard worker that applies their skills, but has no desire to achieve unrealistic dreams. They would however, practice both job enlargement and enrichment while employed. Australia has a more harmonious political system. Though there is a separation between parties, they are both fairly moderate, which eliminates the idea of â€Å"picking sides. Extremists also fall to the waist side, as their presence d oesn’t make much of a difference in voting. Australians practice preferential voting, which rates candidates in order of preference. They don’t get too wrapped up in political views and support government healthcare/welfare.This might be a difficult for an HR director simply because the employee may object to different deductions made for health insurance and tax. They may also have a middle of the road view and won’t really side with any one idea. References â€Å"Australia vs US Culture.. † 25 2008. Bulletin Solutions, Inc. , Online Posting to Australia vs US Culture.. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. <http://www. sciforums. com/showthread. php? 76781-Australia-vs-US-Culture>. â€Å"The United States vs Australia Convict eyes on the Land of Liberty. † Convict Creations. Com The hidden story of Australia ‘s missing links. N. p.. Web. 24 Oct 2012. â€Å"What are some main differences between Australian and American cultures?. † 01 2007. Yahoo! Inc. , Online Posting to Yahoo! Answers. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. <http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20080501113934AA5RF52>.

Electronic Waste Popularly Known As E Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

Electronic waste, popularly known as e-waste can be defined as electronic equipment or merchandises linking with power stopper or batteries which have become disused due to advancement in engineering, alterations in manner, manner and position. â€Å" E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic merchandises approaching the terminal of their utile life † ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . This includes cast-off computing machines, telecastings, VCRs, stereos, duplicators, facsimile machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries. Electrical and electronic waste ( e-waste ) is one of the most rising issues that has caught the attending of assorted parties including policy shapers, non-governmental organisation ( NGO ) and the general public globally. This turning concern is due to the of all time increasing volume of e-waste being generated ensuing in activities such as collection, leveling and disposal of e-waste that has caused environmental pollutions and inauspicious impact on public wellness ( Rosnani, 2010 ) . â€Å" E-waste in Malaysia is being regulated under the Environmental Quality Act ( Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations 2005 that came into consequence on 15 August 2005 † ( Rosnani, 2010 ) . The inclusion of e-waste the 2005 ordinance is to adequately command the direction of these wastes generated in the state every bit good as to enable Malaysia to forbid importing of used electrical and electronic equipment either for renovation or recovery merely for short term use, following which equipment is disposed off. Today, it is often cheaper and more convenient to purchase new machine to suit the newer coevalss of engineering than it is to upgrade the old. Expanding e-waste particularly nomadic phone and computing machine in all sort of sectors doing the increasing of the measure of e-waste. E-waste contains important measures of toxic waste. â€Å" Each computing machine or telecasting show proctor contains an norm of 4-8 lbs of lead. Monitor glass contain about 20 % lead by weight. About 70 % of heavy stuffs like quicksilver and Cd found in landfill come from electronic equipment discard † ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . These heavy metals and other risky substances found in electronic can pollute groundwater and present other environmental and public wellness. Furthermore, â€Å" the wellness impacts of the mixtures and material combination in the merchandises frequently are non known † ( Noraida, 2010 ) . The production of semiconducting materials printed circuit board, disc thrusts and proctors used peculiarly risky chemical. Therefore, one of the aim of this survey is to happen out the applicable direction of e-waste around the universe and their effects to human wellness. There are assorted issues of concerns with respect to e-waste disposal and recycling. This research proposal overview the issues specifically related to the export for recycling. Particularly, it discusses documented effects on human wellness and the environment that have been tied to insecure recycling patterns in developing states. It besides provides an overview of assorted factors necessary to be understand why e-waste disposal has become a concern on each states. Therefore, it is of import to hold a good e-waste direction in order to guarantee that it will non harm to human and environment. If we non make the recycling, these e-waste will be disposed off. There are several methods to dispose e-waste either landfill or incinerator or unfastened combustion. However, if we look at to it closely, all this method will give negative impacts to human and environment. Other than that, job related to installations and location of e-waste disposal is happening. â€Å" When we landfill the e-waste, it will pollute groundwater. If we incinerate e-waste, it will bring forth risky smelt and left risky residue. If we recycle the e-waste, it will harm the recycle squad. Last, we export the e-waste to other state † ( Noraida, 2010 ) . Now, we have no pick and scientist today should make more research on these job. E-waste direction demand to carry through different aims which go beyond pure proficient execution. Particularly in developing states and states in passage, which a lacking legal and institutional model, every bit good as losing substructure, e-waste direction demands for a comprehensive and structural attack. This has been echoed by assorted international organisations and enterprises, including the United Nation Developing Organization ( UNIDO ) , the United Nation Environment Programmed ( UNEP ) , the Basel convention, the Solving the e-Waste Problem ( StEP ) . Several development cooperation undertaking adopted a three measure attack.[ 1 ] Understand the current model status Developing a structured scheme in a multi-stakeholder attack Implementing the scheme through a roadmap with assigned duties and a timeframe The research will give good to all community. Government can either seek to avoid all the methods that can give negative impacts or if non, merely expression for the better direction we have around the universe that besides included in this proposal. It besides can give public consciousness for those concerns. . It is hoped that these research proposal will help in the better apprehension and direction of e-waste and a prompt action can be taken by the authorities to better what we have now before it is excessively late.Aimto happen out the issues and challenges on developing and implementing e-waste direction To happen out the applicable direction of e-waste around the universe and their effects to human wellness. To analyze the recommended actions that can be taken to undertake the e-waste issuesLiterature reappraisalAnalyzing E-waste Related Legislations and RegulationsIn its list of recommendations to battle illegal dumping of E-waste, the Basel Action Network ( BAN ) â€Å" urges authoritiess to coerce makers to take toxic chemicals from merchandises every bit shortly as possible. BAN besides calls on rigorous enforcement of the Basel Convention[ 2 ]and extol Australia for its attempts in that respect † ( Michael, 2012 ) . Sing issues in Australia, it requires full testing of electronic waste to attest that it complies with the Basel Convention before it is exported. The BAN study on dumping in Lagos calls the U.S. â€Å" the worst histrion † among developed states that perpetuate dumping of risky waste in developing states. Other topographic point, â€Å" Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection province that cathode beam tubing no longer be accepted at transportation Stationss, landfills or landfill operators or a punishment of USD 25000 for each discourtesy † ( Iswalah, 2008 ) . Transboundary motion of risky waste is con-trolled by the Basel Convention, which entered into forcein 1992.[ 3 ] In Malaysia, authorities statute laws have been introduce to command this state of affairs. First under Environment Quality Act! 974 Sect. 18 ( 1 ) . There are ; E-Waste classified as Scheduled Waste and given the codification of SW 110 E-Waste can merely be handled by accredited contractors. Act enforced by Department of Environment. Enforcement-oriented instead than Facilitation-oriented. ( PEWOG, 2009 )[ 4 ] Second is under ‘Public Cleansing and Solid Waste Management Act ( 2007 ) , it province that all waste belongs to the authorities or its contractor ‘ ( PEWOG, 2009 ) . The inquiry is the present of aggregation and processing activities illegal because all waste belongs to the authorities or its contractors. Then, confusion and uncertainness Begin to drift. Besides utilizing the Environmental Quality Act ( 1974 ) to pull off these wastes, the DOE is besides utilizing the â€Å" Custom Order ( Prohibiton of Import/Export ) Order 2008 to command the importing and export of e waste † ( Ong, 2009 ) .2. Issues And Challenges On Developing And Implementing3R ( Reduce, Reuse and Recycle )There are several methods to pull off all these e-waste stuffs. â€Å" The most safe, promote and cheapest is by 3R that are cut down, reuse and recycling † . it can be summarized as follows ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) : aˆ? Reduce: effort to cut down the sum of waste generated reduce/eliminate usage of toxic substances like lead and quicksilver. aˆ? Reuse: repeated usage of points or parts of points which are still useable aˆ? Recycle: usage of waste itself as resource Since e-waste recycling is mostly unregulated, accurate informations sing the terminal markets, both domestic and abroad, are non publically available. Therefore, it is hard to cognize how much e-waste that is collected for recycling is really exported for processing ( Linda, 2010 ) . In the waste direction hierarchy, 3R is high on the precedence list and state analysis paper by Malaysia in one of its forum[ 5 ]province that Malaysia is capitalising on engineerings which are environmentally friendly, proven and be effectual to heighten its 3R coders and activities in the state. The analysis paper besides province that the building, operation and care of workss utilizing such engineerings involves high capital and cost. The banking sector is rather loath to supply the fiscal support particularly when new engineerings are involved. We still have failing in recycling system around the universe. The substructure like web of waste aggregation, transit, and screening activities is still being developed. Then continue to the existent processing on the e-waste, if compared to recycling of paper, glass, and plastic, the procedure is more dearly-won and expensive. Most local governments in Malaysia did non hold a sound fiscal resources to pay for all the new engineerings carried out to handle and dispose the waste. Without the federal authorities intercession or committedness to supply the bridging finance, the debut of environmentally friendly and modern engineering will confront an acclivitous undertaking.[ 6 ] Then other job on the state of affairs when e-waste may be processed domestically after aggregation is besides limited. â€Å" A company that operates as a â€Å" recycler † may really be a waste consolidator that sends the waste to another seller. † Those downstream sellers may divide the units for reuse, ship whole units abroad for processing, or procedure it domestically to some other utilizations ( Linda, 2010 ) . Good intelligence is the electronics makers are presently driven by assorted forces to do their merchandises more easy reclaimable and with fewer risky components.[ 7 ]â€Å" Any future alterations to electronic devices have no impact, nevertheless, on the 100s of 1000000s of devices presently in usage or disused devices presently in storage † ( Linda, 2010 ) . Finally those devices will do their manner to the disposal or recycling markets.Disposal ( Incineration, Open Burning Or Landfilling )Incineration means destroy something particularly godforsaken stuff by firing. It is â€Å" associated with a major hazard of bring forthing and scattering contaminations and toxic substances † ( Mathias, 2010 ) . The gases released during the combustion and the residue ash is frequently toxic. Municipal solid waste ( MSW ) province that incineration workss have shown that Cu, which is present in printed circuit boards and overseas telegrams, â€Å" act as accelerator for dioxin f ormation when fire retardents are incinerated † ( Gongkia, 2000 ) . At this clip incineration of toxic e-waste is taking topographic point without much limitation around the universe, particularly in poorer states. Incineration of electronic waste should be the last resort and should be at a lower limit if non wholly banned ( April, 2010 ) . Lapp goes to open firing which releases many pollutants into environment Since unfastened fires burn at comparatively low temperatures, they release many more fume than in a controlled incineration procedure ( Hawari and Hassan, 2010 ) When we landfill the e-waste, the jobs comes by the leachate produces. It is frequently contains heavy metals and other toxic substances which can pollute land and H2O resources. Even state-of-the-art landfills which are sealed to forestall toxins from come ining the land are non wholly tight in the long-run ( Singh et al. , 2012 ) . Significant impacts from landfilling could be avoided by conditioning risky stuffs from e-waste individually and by landfilling merely those fractions for which there are â€Å" no farther recycling possibilities and guarantee that they are in state-of-the-art landfills that respect environmentally sound proficient criterions † ( Gongkia, 2000 )Exportâ€Å" In America, harmonizing to National Safety Council ( 1999 ) , presently the cheapest e-waste recycling option in the US is to direct e-waste overseas † ( McCarthy, 2002 ) . Harmonizing to the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) , up to 80 % of American recycle e-waste is exported to poorer states. â€Å" However, how it is used or disposed of there is mostly unknown † ( McCarthy, 2002 ) . Example in Guiyu[ 8 ], China, the Personal computers and peripherals organizing mountain and overruning into streets, with its people doing a life depriving off PC portion with their bare custodies. Ministry of environment in India showed no consequences refering study of e-waste, but the ministry admits that a 100 % controls of the boundary lines is non possible. What complicate the job is that computing machine waste, which does non hold any resale or reuse value, is openly burned or disposed off in landfills. Although it is hard to cognize precisely how much e-waste collected for recycling is exported, it appears that India or developing states in Asia or Africa are most likely to have e-waste. In these country, kids and grownups are non have oning safety to level the e-waste in order to sell salvageable points. The remainder of the stuffs are burned or buried. In Ghana, China and India, many of the workers are kids, possibly well exposed to these risky stuffs ( Kevin, 2007 )[ 9 ].3. Management of E-waste in Malaysia.Malaysia has been seting a batch of attempt to eliminate this job before it gets relentless and out of control. â€Å" The ‘Recycle Personal computer ‘ run, spearheaded by the Association of the Computer and Multimedia Industry of Malaysia ( PIKOM ) and waste direction company Alam Flora Sdn. Bhd[ 10 ], is picking up steam since its launch in March 2005 † ( Vatis, 2005 ) . This run aims to make environmental consciousness by promoting the populace and admin istrations to recycle Personal computers and the peripherals. Between the period of March 10 and April 30, 2005, Alam Flora has collected 816 computing machines and peripherals. This includes 194 computing machine proctors, 147 cardinal treating units ( CPUs ) 428 pressmans, and 47 assorted Personal computer constituents ( Karim, 2005 ) Panasonic Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. is among the first corporations to reply the call to recycle when it handed over 60 used Personal computers and laptops to Alam Flora within a hebdomad from establishing the Personal computer recycling run. The Nipponese engineering giant besides pledged to donate more Personal computers to the Recycle PC run each clip its embarks on a Personal computer upgrading exercising. Alam Flora has assigned aggregation points and recycling centres all over the state for people to drop off their old Personal computers ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Malaysia is non a finish for others states put their e-waste. The non-systematic exportation and disposal of e-waste will give menace to our environment. Because of that, Department of Environmental is undergoing a research on ‘take dorsum policy ‘ specifically for promote the manufacturer companies to take back the electric and electronic that do non desire to be used any longer for being recycle or dispose in safety ways ( Douglas, 2010 ) . Scrap computer/ television/ mobile phone and other e-waste Free/ sell Scrap aggregator Middlemen/ junkshops Recycling Centres 2nd manus point Disposal installation Sell e-waste recylers Pre-treatment ( separation ) Scrap plastics/ others Natural stuffs Main board Electronic constituent Export market/ reassembling Local market Re-furnish/ recondition recycling Figure 1: Materials flows of e-waste in Malaya ( Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2005 ) Presently, â€Å" there are 138 e-waste recovery installations in Malaysia. 16 out of them are the full recovery installations and the other are the partial recovery installations † ( Rahman, 2008 ) . The chief engineering employed to retrieve e-wastes in footings of cherished metal in Malaysia is still limited to wet chemical procedures and electrolysis.StatePartial recovery installationFull recovery installationJohor 17 3 Kedah 12 1 Melaka 12 3 Negeri Sembilan 5 1 Perak 4 0 Pulau Pinang 37 6 Sarawak 5 0 Selangor 25 2 Wilayah persekutuan 5 0 Entire 122 16 Grand sum 138 Table 1: distribution of e-waste recovery installations in Malaysia. ( Rahman, 2008 ) But some of them that do non traveling to recycle are required to be transported by accredited contractors and dispose off in the centralized scheduled waste intervention and disposal installation in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. ( Theng, L. C. , 2008 )[ 11 ] The Bukit Nanas Waste Management Centre in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Sembilan, has the state ‘s sole landfill for risky waste. Here waste that has been treated, stabilized and packed in membranophones or lasting plastic bags are buried in the landfill.4. Effectss On Environment And Human HealthHarmonizing to Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) , more than 3.2 million dozenss of e-waste ended up in us landfills. European surveies estimate that the volume of e-waste is lifting by 3 % to 5 % per twelvemonth, about three times faster than municipal waste watercourse. Therefore, early action demands in order to undertake this job before it is traveling up in our state. From Basel Action Network ( BAN ) , estimate that the 500 million computing machines in the universe contain 2.87 billion kgs of plastics, 716.7 million kg of lead and 286700 kg of quicksilver. Table 2 shows some of the risky stuff that contain in the computing machine and their effects to human and the environment. Hazardous stuff Location Effectss Lead Soldering of printed circuit boards and other electronic constituent Glass panels in computing machine proctors ( cathode rays tubing ) Damage to the cardinal and peripheral nervous system, blood system and kidney in homo. effects to the hormone system negative effects on the development of the encephalon in kids have been good documented ( Howell, 2001 ) . Cadmium SMD bit resistances, infrared sensors and semiconducting materials. Possible hazard of irreversible effects on human wellness ( Howell, 2001 ) . Easily be accumulated in sums that cause symptoms of poisoning Mercury Batteries, switches/ lodging, and printed wiring board. Causes chronic harm to the encephalon. Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) Cabling and computing machine lodging. Cause of dioxin[ 12 ]formation. Brominated Flame Retardant Printed circuit board act as endocrinal disrupters cause an increased hazard of malignant neoplastic disease to the digestive and lymph systems cut down degrees of the endocrine tetraiodothyronine[ 13 ]in open animate beings. Table 2: toxic chemicals contain and their effects ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Assorted scientific observations indicate that polybrominated diphenylethers ( PBDE ) might move as endocrinal disrupters. The degrees of PBDEs in â€Å" human chest milk are duplicating every five old ages and this has prompted concern because of the consequence of these chemicals in immature animate beings † ( Howell, 2001 ) In add-on, administration for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1993 province that hexavalent Cr besides exists in some of e-waste. It can easy go through through membranes of cells. It causes strong allergic reactions even in little concentrations. Asthmatic bronchitis is another allergic reaction â€Å" linked to chromium VI. Chromium VI may besides do DNA harm † ( Howell, 2001 ) The incineration, land-filling, and illegal dumping of electronic wastes all contribute toxic chemicals to the environment. Environmental impacts includes taint of all local environmental media like dirt, air, surface H2O and land H2O. For illustration, the primary risky recycling operations in Guiyu involve ; Metallic recovery that involves in unfastened combustion of wires to obtain steel and Cu, cathode beam tubing checking to obtain copper-laden yokes, perturbing and combustion of circuit boards to take solder and french friess, and acid depriving french friess for gold. Plastic recycling through splintering and thaw ; and dumping of stuffs that can non be further processed ( such as leaded CRT glass and burned circuit boards ) and residues from recycling operations such as ashes from unfastened burn operations, spent acerb baths, and sludges ( Yan, et Al, 2009 ) . Children in Guiyu were found to hold blood lead degrees ( BLL ) that were significantly higher than those in the adjacent small town. Elevated BLLs in Guiyu kids were common as a consequence of exposure to take taint caused by crude e-waste recycling activities ( Xia, 2007 ) .. Prevents Options To Undertake The E-wastesIn this subdivision, some actions that can be adopted are reviewed. Almost all of these actions have to be carried out at the same time. Someof them are targeted to make a wider consciousness amongst the end-users.Adhering buying with take-back merchandise dutyThe purpose of drawn-out manufacturer duty is to promote manufacturers to â€Å" forestall pollution and cut down resource and energy usage in each phase of the merchandise life rhythm through alterations in merchandise design and procedure engineering â€Å" ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Hence, the manufacturers have a great trade of duty to take back their merchandises and recycle them at the terminal of the merchandises ‘ operational lives. It puts full fiscal duty on manufacturers to put up aggregation, recycling and disposal systems. In Malaysia, suited â€Å" take strategy on e-waste will heighten the direction of e-waste † ( Rahman, 2008 ) . He province that Voluntary take back strategy of e-wastes has non been implemented widely by the producer/ importer of electronic and electrical equipment, therefore a mandatory demand of return dorsum strategy through statute law is required.Political campaign to increase consciousnessIf E-waste causes jobs, the first precedence should be to cut down its coevals. In this respect, â€Å" consumers in exporting states should alter their life styles † ( Moriguchi et al, 2006 ) Other we can make by giving some â€Å" wages to the populace to promote them affect in 3R and the wages is non necessary in sort of money † ( Iswalah, 2008 ) . The end-user should reach the local or province authorities representatives, â€Å" explain to them why he or she is concerned and inquire them to acquire involved in developing solutions † ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . â€Å" By donating used electronics, schools, non-profit organisations, and lower-income households can afford to utilize equipment that they otherwise could non afford † ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) .Swiss Association for the Information, Communication and Organizational Technologies ( SWICO ) systemThis system compared to other is one of the most best direction of e-waste nowadays.The system considers material flows related to electronic equipment from the point where it becomes waste until the point where the fractions ensuing from screening, leveling, recycling and disposal processes become secondary natural stuffs or are disposed of in a landfill ( Doka, 2003 ) . So, how its work? Harmonizing to Muller and Esther ( 2009 ) , Manual dismantlement is the first measure, more traditional manner to divide risky stuffs from reclaimable stuffs, and to bring forth reclaimable stuffs from electronic waste. In a pre-sorting procedure, the incoming e-waste foremost is separated into the different classs. Then, mechanical dismantlement, the typical constituents of it works oppressing units, shredders, magnetic centrifuges and air centrifuges. The exhaust gases are clean up in waste gas purification workss and the dust generated collected with dust filters. And for refinement, it is included mechanical, thermic and chemical procedures and typically performed for fractions such as batteries, ferric and non-ferrous metal, reclaimable plastic and printed boards.MethodologyMost of the methodological analysis of my research proposal is by making library and internet research. It is of import to acquire background information and to analyze the past research. It is besides utile to do the literature reappraisal. I will travel through some of the diaries, articles, studies and undertakings at that place. To acquire better apprehension, I will acquire some interviews with the workers at Department of Environtment ( DOE ) to acquire inside informations informations about how e-waste is pull offing in Malaysia and by and large around the world.. I besides will travel for interview with Prof. Aghamuthu[ 14 ]( lector in UM ) for his sentiments. By utilizing recording equipment, all the conversations and duologues will be recorded. Survey is besides utile to acquire the information. It will be distributed them to the workers that work in landfill site particularly in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. The study contain more on look intoing their organic structure ‘s wellness and to be related with the symptoms due to toxic discarded from e-waste. Site visit besides involved in my methodological analysis. It will take up to a to the full twenty-four hours for me to see all the procedure. It is besides to do certain that I will non go forth behind all the of import information. Along the visit, camera will be used to take exposures at that place to assist me acquire a better analysis.Expected end productThere still a batch of issues that should be see in pull offing the e-waste..Work PlanThe work program start in hebdomad three and it takes about 11 hebdomads to complete it.WeeksActions3 Choose the rubric To do certain that the rubric is non to contract or wide, and to do certain it can be done on the clip given. 4-7 Library and internet research By collected, take note, and borrows the stuffs from them before farther analyse. 8-10 reappraisal and Analyse informations Form all the information into the construction of research proposal and associate the information of one reading to another. 11-13 Presentation work Fix the slide that summarize the research proposal. 14 Submit study Make some fix on the deficiency and remark from presentation.BudgetEstimated budget:ItemPrice ( RM )Transportation system – for fuel and public transit 100.00 Prints – for study ‘s paper, and all the reading stuffs that can non be borrowed. 20.00 Gift – for interviewers 30.00 entire 150.00

Security Assessment Essays

Security Assessment Essays Security Assessment Essay Security Assessment Essay Directions: Choose one of the Facts for Consideration subdivisions from Ch. 3 of the text and list the page figure for the subdivision you chose. Then. finish the undermentioned tabular array. List five menaces appropriate to the environment from the subdivision you chose. Rate the hazard for each menace from 0 ( low ) to 10 ( high ) . Then. list five appropriate countermeasures. Once you complete the tabular array. compose a brief account of the countermeasures for the two menaces with the highest hazard sum. saying how the countermeasure reduces the hazard associated with that menace. Conveyance should be equipped with a thick metal coop environing country inmates are in. Inmates should be contained besides with bonds on custodies and pess. Property harm and or personal injury All inmates. shackled together or non. demand to hold bonds anchored to sturdy eyebolts welded into floor to keep limited motion. Escape during bathroom interruptions Armed guard bodyguard to restroom from conveyance. armed bodyguard to transport. with staying guard still on conveyance. Inmates relieves themselves under armed surveillance. with door unfastened at all times. No civilians allowed near inmates. or bathrooms during the inmate’s bathroom interruptions and guards must inspect bathrooms exhaustively before and after go forthing public toilets. Excess guards in bodyguard autos should assist in this procedure to keep security. Escape through Windowss or blowholes All Windowss and blowholes should be secured outside of the coop environing the inmates. armed guard should be in conveyance at all times. regardless of the guard. a caput count should be done before and after all Michigans. Escape through outside resources. Limit all contact between captive and outside contacts prior to transport. curtail prisoners’ cognition of agenda for conveyance. Two armed guards on conveyance. non numbering driver. Two security autos. with two armed guards in each auto. following conveyance. One auto taking conveyance. with two armed guards. Cameras with sound on conveyance. communicating between conveyance and bodyguards at all times. In my appraisal. I chose to measure the article of the captive flight from captive conveyance. I need to measure the importance of procuring the vehicle to set up the safety of the inmates. the security forces. the driver. and all citizen’s in and around the path. I determined that one menace that is a high chance is physical assault. I can find this on a few different countries which is why I gave it a criticalness of 7. If a captive were caught get awaying a battle would result. if the captive were seen by a bystander. physical injury could come from the interaction. or if the captive got a clasp of a arm. he could go excessively courageous alternatively of merely running. My idea of countermeasures are that the conveyance should hold a strong metal coop dividing the inmates from the guards ; moreover. the inmates should be shackled. custodies and pess. with a hardy concatenation running from carpus bonds to ankle bonds. This should be restrictive to extinguish extra motion on the prisoner’s portion. The captives are being transported to installations better equipped to cover with them. non to travel to a watering place ; therefore their comfort is less of import. The following strong menace factor is through outside resources. This could go on in many ways. Since the inmates that are by and large on these types of conveyances are considered unsafe. security steps must be made to guarantee no contact with anyone on the exterior for a period of clip anterior to transport and should hold no cognition of conveyance day of the month. This could assist forestall pass oning with person on paths. times. or any other cognition that could be given to form a jailbreak. There should be at least two. or more. armed guards in the conveyance with the prisoner’s and driver at all times. This would let remainder every bit good as backup. There should be at least two autos following the conveyance to guarantee the conveyance is non ambushed easy. There should be two armed guards in each auto. Another auto with two armed guards should escort the conveyance. Finally. unfastened lines of contact should be in topographic point between all guards at all times. either via a system installed on the coach or through ear pieces and mikes. Having all guards in changeless communicating can forestall many jobs from originating ; because. one guard may see something another does non. and there are excess custodies in instance of problem should the inevitable happen. The appraisal I have provided. while necessitating excess work force. makes sense to me in the fact that this type of conveyance is traveling unsafe lading. The object of security in this affair is non to supply comfort. but to supply an excess step of protection for the inmates. driver. guards. and civilians likewise.

Virtue ethics and the ethics of care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virtue ethics and the ethics of care - Essay Example There are arguments about the existence of single tradition in virtue ethics that emphasize virtue being knowledge and focus on direct unselfishness. There is no disagreement about that form of ethics of care and virtue ethics. Moreover, there are moral objections to generalize the essentially asymmetric relationships of justice case as reciprocal fairness to an ethic of care. Virtue ethics notes the character matter above everything else. Staying a life that is ethical or acting in a right manner requires demonstrating and developing virtues of compassion, courage, temperance, and wisdom. In addition, it needs avoiding vices such as jealousy, selfishness, and greed. Care of ethics concerns with ethical consideration on relations before any other factors. Consequently, acting in a right manner involves, strengthening, maintain, and building strong relationships (Slote, 134). Acting in a right manner thus shows care and concern for others and for their relationships. Care ethicists feel that relationships are essential to thinking ethically. According to Slote (174) Manning Rita and Aristotle both, have varying theories whenever it comes to ethics. Aristotle utilizes virtue ethics when answering morality questions while Manning use care of ethics to answer morality questions. Virtue ethics claim actions of people focuses on achieving happiness. From happiness, virtues of morality stems from causes managing soul desires. On the other hand, Manning believes that actions of morality widen from persons caring each other on an individual level. Through growing the abilities to care for other persons, people become aware morally of how to behave on particular cases. When asking, â€Å"How do I live?† Manning and Aristotle will approach with variant factors (Slote, 201). The manner in which individual people reply to the question contains unique excellence areas and areas that the question poses challenge. Basing on how each theories work, Rita and Aristotle

Hispanic American Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Hispanic American Diversity - Essay Example Hispanics share the heritage of the Spanish language but many do not speak Spanish at all. Among the Mexican Americans, 23 percent speak English, 26 percent are bilingual and 51 percent are Spanish dominant. The society is concerned about their immigrant status and is often confused whether their stay is legal or illegal. The Mexican Americans comprise of the affluent as well as poor peasants. They usually come from low income background and have less formal education. They have made gain in formal schooling but still lag behind most Hispanics. Family and religion are a great source of strength to the community. They have religious preference for the Catholic Church. The court of law does not provide protection for the poor, Spanish-speaking. The community has a culture of poverty as they have no future planning, no commitment to marriage and no work ethic. They prefer to adhere to their Mexican culture. As the number of Mexican Americans is growing, they have become conscious voters . Thus subgroup is politically conscious and when they did not get any response from the established politicians, they set up their own party. The Mexican Americans are eligible for dual nationality. Even if their children are born in America, they can claim Mexican nationality, although dual nationality does not give them voting rights in Mexico. They can be found in large number in New York. Puerto Ricans are English-oriented with about 39 percent being English-dominant and 40 percent of the population being bi-lingual. Only 21 percent of the Puerto Ricans are Spanish-dominant. This subgroup too, is challenged by the immigrant officials but they have the same voting rights as other Americans. Puerto Ricans are no longer concentrated in New York but are dispersed throughout New Jersey, Illinois, Florida and California. They are more familiar with the US culture and the English language. Unemployment among the mainland Puerto Ricans is high. They have a vibrant